CSE - CardioMath

Aortic Valve Velocity Ratio	LV EF (Modified Quinones Equation)	Myocardial Performance Index (RV)
AVA (Continuity Equation VTI)	LV EF (Simplified Quinones Equation)	PCWP by E/Ea (Nagueh Formula)
AVA (Continuity Equation V_Max)	LV Fractional Shortening	PISA (Mitral regurgitation)
dP/dt (LV contractility)	LV Mass and LV Mass Index	PISA (Mitral stenosis)
dP/dt (RV contractility)	Mitral valve area (PHT)	Qp/Qs
Left atrial pressure (MR)	Mitral Valvuloplasty Score (MGH)	RVSP (TR)
LA Volume (Biplane Method)	Modified Bernoulli Equation	Stroke Volume, Cardiac Output
LV EF (Dumesnil Method)	Myocardial Performance Index (LV)

LV Ejection Fraction (Modified Quinones Equation)

LVEDD				mm
LVESD				mm
Apex

LVEF				%
Normal		>55-60		%

The Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LV EF) can be determined without planimetry by measuring 8 averaged LV internal dimensions at different levels of the LV in the parasternal long-axis, apical 4 chamber, and long-axis views at end-diastole (LVEDD) and end-systole (LVESD) adjusting for contraction in long-axis. Limited by important wall motion abnormalities and distorted ventricles, e.g. focal aneurysms.

%ΔD² =

LVEDD² - LVESD²

LVEDD²

LVEF =

(%ΔD²) + [(1-%ΔD²)(%ΔL)]

Variable	Definition
Input
LVEDD	Averaged LV end-diastolic dimension (mm)
LVESD	Averaged LV end-systolic dimension (mm)
%ΔL	Correction for apical contraction
	+15% Normal apex
	+5% Hypokinetic apex
	+0% Akinetic apex
	-5% Slightly dyskinetic apex
	-15% Frankly dyskinectic apex
Output
LVEF	Ejection Fraction (%)
Normal	>55-60%

References

	Quinones MA, et al. A new, simplified and accurate method for determining ejection fraction with two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 64:744, 1981.

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Author: Dr. Chi-Ming Chow

Developer: Edward Brawer

Disclaimer: The calculators provided are not meant to be a substitute for professional advise and are not to be used for medical diagnosis. All calculations must be confirmed before clinical use or diagnostic purposes by qualified medical professionals. The authors make no claims of the accuracy of the information contained herein. The authors make no claims whatsoever, expressed or implied, about the authenticity, accuracy, reliability, completeness or timeliness of the material, software, text, graphics and links given. In no event shall the authors, its suppliers, affiliates or any third parties be liable in any manner whatsoever for any damage arising upon use of any information provided.